Freeze vacuum drying process is an optimum process to dry the product without changing the physical and chemical properties of materials. The advantages of drying with freeze vacuum drying are can be maintain the structures, nutrient, and colors of original substances. A weakness of freeze vacuum drying is its high consumption of energy due to the long drying time required especially in the process of sublimation below triple point condition. The aim of this research areto optimizing freeze vacuum drying in order to reducing energy consumption by utilized waste heat of condenser to speed up the sublimation process and by using quick drying method. Thefreezing temperatures in this study were 6oC and 9oC with a variation of the drying time is 1, 2 and 4 hours. This research was result the water content losses in yam bean are 78% at a freeze temperature -9oC with drying time 4 hours.
Conversion Energy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia.
Carbon Footprint is one of the newest issue that people are concerned about especially on Fisheries business in Indonesia. The ships are growing bigger in terms of number and it makes the environment issue also became more concern for the people’s life and wellbeing. In this experiment, those issues will be analyzed with Carbon Footprint on Fishing Ships in Sorong. This experiment will be analyzed using mathematical analysis based on literature that used in order to get the emission factor and also to calculate the carbon footprint emission on site. Those calculations will be used as basic logic calculation using the emission factor multiplied by fuel consumption. The purpose of this experiment is to understanding the Mode of the operation of the fishing ships in order to calculate the emissions. This experiment purpose is to get estimation of the amount of exhaust gas from fishing ships emission and also to get the constant value for each fuel that used for the fishing ships on the experiment site.
Department of Marine Technology,Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Indonesia
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia
Traditional ship often made by woods materials and it was made without proper engineering procedure. This research focuses on a case study in BaganSiapiapi, Riau Province, Indonesia where a large wooden ship was manufactured. One of the sources of material failure in the manufacturing of wooden ship is located at the joint. In this research, a modification of joint design has been studied where 4 design model have been offered by using glue as the attachment materials and 5 other design by using bolt as the connection method. A finite element method was used to study the strength of the joint which has been guided by a standard issued by Indonesian Classification Bureau. There are 9 design of joints were modeled and studied which have been varied using two different wooden materials such as ‘keruing’ and ‘meranti’. A uniform loading was applied on all models and materials. The applied loadings are buoyancy force, gravity force, and pre-stress loading at the bolt. The result from simulation generates a stress-contour indicating the stress level on the materials. It was concluded that the model of connection hooked straight lip which is connected with 4 pieces M14 bolts with wood material keruing a recommended model for traditional wooden boat building. This design gives 1.605 mm deformation with maximum stress of 217.51 MPa.
Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia